I would argue that PunBB is scalable. My understanding of replication is somewhat limited, but I believe you would have one master, several slaves, make all selects come from the slaves, and all inserts/deletes/updates go to the master. I don't see any case where PunBB makes that difficult.
php application code is NOT atomic, since there can be multiple concurrent http POST operations, so the count accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This is the case for punbb rcode running on a single server or multiple servers.
It might be that punbb is not not even scalable to multiple httpd daemons on the same server (the usual case) -- in other words it's only accurate for a single user forum, unless the counts are maintained as globals or you provide blocking to prevent simultaneous posts.
Thanks for pointing out the code. This would be a great feature to have for admin.